Introduction to Islam
by Dr. M. Hamidullah
Dr. Hamidullah's book is a good resource, not only for non-Muslims who wish to know more about Islam, but for Muslims who wish to learn more about their faith. Here is a complete listing of the chapters (and also other excerpts):
Ch. 1 ... The Prophet of Islam -- His Biography paragraphs 1-42
Ch. 2 ... Preservation of the Original Teachings of Islam paragraphs 43-98
Ch. 3 ... The Islamic Conception of Life paragraphs 99-125
Ch. 4 ... Faith and Belief paragraphs 126-159
Ch. 5 ... Devotional Life and Religious Practices in Islam paragraphs 160-198/a
Ch. 6 ... The Cultivation of Spiritual Life paragraphs 199-222
Ch. 7 ... The System of Morality in Islam paragraphs 223-257
Ch. 8 ... The Political System of Islam paragraphs 258-299
Ch. 9 ... The Judicial System of Islam paragraphs 300-336
Ch. 10 ... The Economic System of Islam paragraphs 337-379
Ch. 11 ... The Muslim Woman paragraphs 380-405
Ch. 12 ... The Status of non-Muslims in Islam paragraphs 406-442
Ch. 13 ... Muslim Contribution to the Sciences and Arts paragraphs 443-488
Ch. 14 ... General History of Islam paragraphs 489-515
Ch. 15 ... Daily Life of a Muslim paragraphs 516-592 [large file]
Select Bibliography of Muslim Authors
On Polygamy ...Paragraphs 402 - 404 
On Free Will and Predestination ... Paragraphs  121 - 125 
On Free Will and Predestination ... Paragraphs  155 - 158 
On  The Hajj ... Paragraphs 177 - 184
On why the Service of Worship (i.e. the Salat or Prayer) is in Arabic ... Paragraphs 575 i-xvii 
On Zakat and State Expenditure ... Paragraphs 351 - 367
On Gambling and Alcohol ... Paragraphs 251, 252, 368 & 379
On Holy War ... Paragraph 441 and 442
Determining the direction of the Qibla ... Paragraphs 554 and 582 (f and g)

EXCERPTS FROM OTHER BOOKS BY DR. HAMIDULLAH

Islam in a Nutshell An excerpt from the same book by Dr. Hamidullah
Treatment of Prisoners of War excerpt from The Muslim Conduct of State
Muslims and non-Muslims are Equal and Alike in Worldly Affairs excerpt from The Muslim Conduct of State
The Contribution of Imam al Shafi (An excerpt from The Emergence of Islam)